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#introns

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GenomeBiolEvol

@celineh2ooo.bsky.social and @stevensalzberg.bsky.social compared 3,493 vertebrate genomes to identify 342 gains of introns in human genes, tracing their origins and identifying cases of intronization as a mechanism of intron emergence.

🔗 doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaf091

#genome#evolution#introns
Public
Amelia Cervera 🧬

Double-stranded DNA viruses may serve as vectors for horizontal transfer of intron-generating transposons.
#Transposons #Introners #Introns #dsDNAviruses #HorizontalGeneTransfer #Dinoflagellates #Preprint
biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/20

bioRxiv · Double-stranded DNA viruses may serve as vectors for horizontal transfer of intron-generating transposonsSpecialized transposable elements capable of generating introns, termed introners, are one of the major drivers of intron gain in eukaryotes. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is thought to play an important role in shaping introner distributions. Viruses could function as vehicles of introner HGT since they often integrate into host genomes and have been implicated in widespread HGT in eukaryotes. We annotated integrated viral elements in diverse dinoflagellate genomes with active introners and queried viral elements for introner sequences. We find that 25% of viral elements contain introners. The vast majority of viral elements represent maverick-polinton-like double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses as well as giant dsDNA viruses. By querying a previously annotated set of maverick-polinton-like proviruses, we show that introners populate full-length elements with machinery required for transposition as well as viral infection. Introners in the vast majority of viral elements are younger than or similar in age to others in their host genome, suggesting that most viral elements acquired introners after integration. However, a subset of viral elements show the opposite pattern wherein viral introners are significantly older than other introners, possibly consistent with virus-to-host horizontal transfer. Together, our results suggest that dsDNA viruses may serve as vectors for HGT of introners between individuals and species, resulting in the introduction of intron-generating transposons to new lineages. ### Competing Interest Statement R.C.-D. was supported by R35GM128932.
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Keiran Rowell

When your body turns your DNA into one of many alternate protein forms, it uses this finely tuned biomachinery for a rope dance with the mRNA strand to carry out very coordinated cuts and joins.

youtu.be/OuAGeQYjfus

Absolutely incredible to see it animated with this level of detail :0

YouTubeMolecular Mechanisms of Splicing: Spliceosome Machinery and Pre-Messenger RNA Splicing CycleBy Beauty of Science
#RNA#spliceosome#structuralbiology
Public
Small Things Considered

Pictures Considered #58: Visualizing Introns

by Christoph
By reading sequences we easily detect stretches that code for pro­teins. We detect promoters, transcription factor binding motifs, start/stop signals for tran­scription, signals where introns are removed by splicing from primary transcripts (pre‑mRNA) to yield mature messenger RNA (mRNA), and much more. It wasn't always so easy.

Read more → tinyurl.com/4s5zebxr

Electron micrographs of R-Ioop structures between (A) 15S RNA and MβG3. [source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/274720/]
#microbiology#introns#molbio
Public
Victor A. Albert

"Transposable elements drive intron gain in diverse eukaryotes"

"...Introners evolved convergently from many distinct genetic elements, most are consistent with DNA-based transposable elements, and they are disproportionately common in the genomes of aquatic organisms. We propose that horizontal transfer of transposons in aquatic taxa contributes to the biased and highly punctate evolution of intron gains across eukaryotes."

pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2209

Public
Lukas VFN 🇪🇺

Long-standing #genomics mystery about the origins of #introns explained in new study
phys.org/news/2022-11-long-sta

#TransposableElements drive #intron gain in diverse eukaryotes pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2209

The researchers believe that #introners (specialized #transposons) are the only likely explanation for intron burst events, in which thousands of introns show up in a #genome seemingly all at once, and they find evidence of this in species across the eukaryotic tree of life.

3D-model of DNA.
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