#Publishers (for-profit and otherwise) get a lot of free labor from #academics and/or in-kind contributions from #universities etc.
Specifically, $6 #billion globally (OA article):
https://researchintegrityjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41073-023-00128-2
Quote: "The cost of #peer #review was estimated at $US1,272 per person, per year, or US$1.1–1.7 billion for the #scientific community per year. The global cost of peer-review was estimated at US$6 billion in 2020..."